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Cartesian Diver
Monday, April 12, 2010

A cartesian diver is a science experiment to demonstrate the principle of buoyancy (and also the ideal gas law).

The cartesian diver experiment is set up by placing a 'diver' (a small rigid tube open at one end) in a larger container with some flexible component (2 litre soft drink bottle). The large container is filled with water and must be airtight when closed. The 'diver' is partially filled with a small amount of water, but contains enough air so that it is nearly neutrally buoyant. So that it will be buoyant enough to float to the top while being completely submerged.
The 'diving' occurs when the flexible part of the large container is pressed inwards, causing the 'diver' to sink until the pressure is released.

Explanation:
When the pressure increases by squeezing the container, the least dense material, which is the air in the diver, is affected. The pressure on the water increases the pressure on the air bubble in the 'diver'. The air compresses and reduces in volume, permitting more water to enter the 'diver'. The 'diver' now displaces a lesser weight of water than its own weight and sinks.
When the pressure on the container is released, the air expands again increasing the weight of water displaced and the 'diver' becomes buoyant again and floats.





Credits:
Google Images and Wikipedia

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